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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3448989/

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All about monkeys, a group of mammals that belong to the primate Order characterised by their long limbs and tails, which help them to swing between trees.

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Monkeys are a group of mammals that belong to the primate Order. They are characterised by their long limbs and tails, which help them to swing between trees. Most monkeys, unlike their relatives the great apes, spend the majority of their time in tree canopies, where they eat fruit and berries and avoid predators like jaguars and snakes.

Monkeys are social, intelligent mammals belonging to the primate order, characterised by long limbs and tails that aid in swinging through trees. Most live in canopies, feasting on fruits and berries while avoiding predators. Known for their playful behaviour and communication skills, monkeys display complex social dynamics, often living in large groups. With opposable thumbs and excellent dexterity, they are adept at manipulating objects and solving problems, showcasing their remarkable adaptability in various environments.

Monkey Facts

Scientific Name

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Habitat

Diet

Lifespan

Monkey

What are groups of monkeys called​?

What is the smallest species of monkey?

What is the largest species of monkey?

What is the young of a monkey called?

What do monkeys look like?

Is a monkey a mammal?

What are the smallest monkeys?

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self.__next_f.push([1,"35:I[670392,[\"/_next/static/chunks/04h8dtigzm8mp.js\",\"/_next/static/chunks/0tetp1c4eqfww.js\",\"/_next/static/chunks/0ehep35~1usc_.js\",\"/_next/static/chunks/0j94njzhqy4tx.js\",\"/_next/static/chunks/0.om4iw1bthpt.js\",\"/_next/static/chunks/0josmt_ut7jfx.js\",\"/_next/static/chunks/0_yqwewxjnlm7.js\",\"/_next/static/chunks/04fb_uzlr1qbd.js\"],\"default\"]\n36:T413,\u003cul\u003e\r\n\t\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe largest species of monkey is the mandrill (\u003cem\u003eMandrillus sphinx\u003c/em\u003e).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\t\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe smallest species, the pygmy marmoset (\u003cem\u003eCebuella pygmaea\u003c/em\u003e), weighs about the same as an orange.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\t\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMonkeys are intelligent communicators and can tell each other secrets.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\t\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSome macaques pickpocket tourists to bribe them for food.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\t\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMost monkeys have opposable thumbs, which help them to grip, groom and manipulate food.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\t\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGreat apes are not monkeys but are closely related.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\r\n\u003c/ul\u003e\r\n37:Td0c,"])

self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cp\u003eWith a reputation for being cheeky and playful, monkeys have entertained humans for centuries. But their fast reactions and smart thinking didn’t evolve for our amusement – they are adaptations to living in complex societies in the treetops. Monkeys are a diverse group of mammals that usually live in large, social groups\u0026nbsp;and display complex and interesting behaviours.\u003csup\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e These help them to form social bonds, care for offspring and work together to problem-solve.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003eMonkeys have stereoscopic vision, which means that they have two forward-facing eyes that allow them to judge distances and three-dimensional shapes more easily – essential for a life spent jumping from branch to branch.\u003csup\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003eThey can use their intelligence and fast reactions to do some remarkable things. Macaques in Southeast Asia have learned to steal phones, sunglasses and bags from tourists and hold them to ransom – only returning the belongings when they feel the tourist has suitably paid in food.\u003csup\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003eMonkeys are as physically diverse as they are intelligent. The smallest monkey is a pygmy marmoset (\u003cem\u003eCebuella pygmaea\u003c/em\u003e), which weighs in at around 100g – around the same as an orange.\u003csup\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e This tiny grey-furred species might almost look like a squirrel from a distance as it dashes across a branch. It has an unusual feeding habit too – it gnaws holes in gum tree trunks and laps up the sticky secretions.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003eMandrills (\u003cem\u003eMandrillus sphinx\u003c/em\u003e), native to Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon in West Africa, are the largest species of monkey.\u003csup\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp;They are a colourful and characterful species, immediately recognisable for their bright blue and red faces. The males' faces tend to be larger and brighter coloured – the vividness of the colours making them more attractive to females and warning their male rivals of their dominance. Male mandrills also have brightly coloured bottoms, with the blue and pink skin visible beneath their thin fur being another show of dominance.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cimg alt=\"Mandrille with coloured face\" data-caption=\"Mandrilles\u0026amp;nbsp;are immediately recognisable for their bright blue and red faces. © cmphoto.net\u0026amp;nbsp;| Unsplash\" data-entity-type=\"file\" data-entity-uuid=\"7dfa7741-b5dc-4a81-a794-48614ae86fe8\" src=\"/sites/default/files/inline-images/Mandrille_Factfile_BBC-Earth-Factfiles-.jpg\" /\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMonkeys have extraordinary dexterity in their fingers. They have very strong grips, which make them skilled climbers. But they can also manipulate objects to find food, and even use tools.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cimg alt=\"Macaque eating food using its hands.\" data-caption=\"Monkeys can manipulate objects to find food, and even use tools. ©\u0026amp;nbsp;Paolo Nicolello\u0026amp;nbsp;| Unsplash\" data-entity-type=\"file\" data-entity-uuid=\"51fd6d83-c919-45fb-8fd6-864185df03b6\" src=\"/sites/default/files/inline-images/Macaque_eating_with_hands_%20BBC-Earth-Factfiles-.jpg\" /\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eTheir slender and strong fingers and thumbs are perfect for picking apart fiddly seeds and fruits. Most apes and monkeys also possess opposable thumbs\u0026nbsp;– meaning, unlike most mammals, their thumbs are rotated to face their fingers.\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n"])

self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cp\u003eWith a reputation for being cheeky and playful, monkeys have entertained humans for centuries. But their fast reactions and smart thinking didn’t evolve for our amusement – they are adaptations to living in complex societies in the treetops. Monkeys are a diverse group of mammals that usually live in large, social groups\u0026nbsp;and display complex and interesting behaviours.\u003csup\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e These help them to form social bonds, care for offspring and work together to problem-solve.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eMonkeys have stereoscopic vision, which means that they have two forward-facing eyes that allow them to judge distances and three-dimensional shapes more easily – essential for a life spent jumping from branch to branch.\u003csup\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThey can use their intelligence and fast reactions to do some remarkable things. Macaques in Southeast Asia have learned to steal phones, sunglasses and bags from tourists and hold them to ransom – only returning the belongings when they feel the tourist has suitably paid in food.\u003csup\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eMonkeys are as physically diverse as they are intelligent. The smallest monkey is a pygmy marmoset (\u003cem\u003eCebuella pygmaea\u003c/em\u003e), which weighs in at around 100g – around the same as an orange.\u003csup\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e This tiny grey-furred species might almost look like a squirrel from a distance as it dashes across a branch. It has an unusual feeding habit too – it gnaws holes in gum tree trunks and laps up the sticky secretions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eMandrills (\u003cem\u003eMandrillus sphinx\u003c/em\u003e), native to Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon in West Africa, are the largest species of monkey.\u003csup\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp;They are a colourful and characterful species, immediately recognisable for their bright blue and red faces. The males' faces tend to be larger and brighter coloured – the vividness of the colours making them more attractive to females and warning their male rivals of their dominance. Male mandrills also have brightly coloured bottoms, with the blue and pink skin visible beneath their thin fur being another show of dominance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cfigure role=\"group\" class=\"caption caption-img\"\u003e\n\u003cimg alt=\"Mandrille with coloured face\" data-entity-type=\"file\" data-entity-uuid=\"7dfa7741-b5dc-4a81-a794-48614ae86fe8\" src=\"/sites/default/files/inline-images/Mandrille_Factfile_BBC-Earth-Factfiles-.jpg\" width=\"1648\" height=\"920\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003e\n\u003cfigcaption\u003eMandrilles\u0026nbsp;are immediately recognisable for their bright blue and red faces. © cmphoto.net\u0026nbsp;| Unsplash\u003c/figcaption\u003e\n\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eMonkeys have extraordinary dexterity in their fingers. They have very strong grips, which make them skilled climbers. But they can also manipulate objects to find food, and even use tools.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cfigure role=\"group\" class=\"caption caption-img\"\u003e\n\u003cimg alt=\"Macaque eating food using its hands.\" data-entity-type=\"file\" data-entity-uuid=\"51fd6d83-c919-45fb-8fd6-864185df03b6\" src=\"/sites/default/files/inline-images/Macaque_eating_with_hands_%20BBC-Earth-Factfiles-.jpg\" width=\"1648\" height=\"920\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003e\n\u003cfigcaption\u003eMonkeys can manipulate objects to find food, and even use tools. ©\u0026nbsp;Paolo Nicolello\u0026nbsp;| Unsplash\u003c/figcaption\u003e\n\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eTheir slender and strong fingers and thumbs are perfect for picking apart fiddly seeds and fruits. Most apes and monkeys also possess opposable thumbs\u0026nbsp;– meaning, unlike most mammals, their thumbs are rotated to face their fingers.\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"])

self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cp\u003eWith their long tails, grasping hands and cheeky expressions, monkeys are some of the most familiar animals in the world. However, not everything that looks like a monkey is a monkey.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003eYou see, “monkey” is not a very scientific term, and actually refers to most members of a group of mammals called simiiformes. Simiiformes range from tiny pygmy marmosets to giant lowland gorillas. But not every simiiform is a monkey. A subset of large simiiformes that lack tails and come from Africa or Southeast Asia are called apes and not monkeys.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003eApes can be split again into two groups: great apes and lesser apes. The most recognisable great apes are chimpanzees, gorillas, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbcearth.com/news/things-you-need-to-know-about-orangutans\"\u003eorangutans\u003c/a\u003e and humans, while lesser apes are also known as gibbons. So, these animals are apes, and not monkeys, but everything else in the simiiform group can be called a monkey.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003eHumans aside, the great apes are the largest primates, and can reach sizes of 176cm (5ft 9 inches) tall and 138kg.\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003e7\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003ca\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003eGreat apes also live slightly longer on average than their monkey cousins. The longest-living monkeys in captivity are capuchins\u0026nbsp;\u003ca\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003e– a white-faced, black-bodied species from Central and South America – but great apes such as gorillas, chimps and orangutans can live slightly longer in the wild.\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e The longest verified lifespan of a wild great ape is 58 years for an orangutan. The\u0026nbsp;human has the longest lifespan of all great apes and has a lifespan of around 80 years.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cimg alt=\"Orangutan in a tree\" data-caption=\"The longest verified lifespan of a wild great ape is 58 years for an orangutan. © Vladislav T. Jirousek |Shutterstock\" data-entity-type=\"file\" data-entity-uuid=\"62a55ef7-9d92-424c-8bc7-c2cf14ebbb19\" src=\"/sites/default/files/inline-images/Orangutan_Factfile_BBC-Earth-Factfiles-.jpg\" /\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eYou might also hear the word “primate” used for monkeys and apes. Primate is the scientific name for the order that all monkeys and apes belong to. Primates also include animals like lemurs, bush babies and slow lorises – the latter two are often nocturnal and mostly tree-dwelling, fruit-eating and wide-eyed creatures.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003eAll primates evolved for life in treetop communities, developing features like long arms for swinging from branches, good vision for spotting food among foliage, and large brains to help form social bonds. However, some primates like gorillas, baboons and humans are now adapted for life back on firm ground.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003eOf all the living primates, only the human walks upright on two feet for any length of time, but some lemurs and monkeys can skip on two feet for short distances when they need to quickly run along the ground between trees.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n"])

self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cp\u003eWith their long tails, grasping hands and cheeky expressions, monkeys are some of the most familiar animals in the world. However, not everything that looks like a monkey is a monkey.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eYou see, “monkey” is not a very scientific term, and actually refers to most members of a group of mammals called simiiformes. Simiiformes range from tiny pygmy marmosets to giant lowland gorillas. But not every simiiform is a monkey. A subset of large simiiformes that lack tails and come from Africa or Southeast Asia are called apes and not monkeys.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eApes can be split again into two groups: great apes and lesser apes. The most recognisable great apes are chimpanzees, gorillas, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbcearth.com/news/things-you-need-to-know-about-orangutans\"\u003eorangutans\u003c/a\u003e and humans, while lesser apes are also known as gibbons. So, these animals are apes, and not monkeys, but everything else in the simiiform group can be called a monkey.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eHumans aside, the great apes are the largest primates, and can reach sizes of 176cm (5ft 9 inches) tall and 138kg.\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003e7\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003ca\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003eGreat apes also live slightly longer on average than their monkey cousins. The longest-living monkeys in captivity are capuchins\u0026nbsp;\u003ca\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003e– a white-faced, black-bodied species from Central and South America – but great apes such as gorillas, chimps and orangutans can live slightly longer in the wild.\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e The longest verified lifespan of a wild great ape is 58 years for an orangutan. The\u0026nbsp;human has the longest lifespan of all great apes and has a lifespan of around 80 years.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cfigure role=\"group\" class=\"caption caption-img\"\u003e\n\u003cimg alt=\"Orangutan in a tree\" data-entity-type=\"file\" data-entity-uuid=\"62a55ef7-9d92-424c-8bc7-c2cf14ebbb19\" src=\"/sites/default/files/inline-images/Orangutan_Factfile_BBC-Earth-Factfiles-.jpg\" width=\"1648\" height=\"920\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003e\n\u003cfigcaption\u003eThe longest verified lifespan of a wild great ape is 58 years for an orangutan. © Vladislav T. Jirousek |Shutterstock\u003c/figcaption\u003e\n\u003c/figure\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eYou might also hear the word “primate” used for monkeys and apes. Primate is the scientific name for the order that all monkeys and apes belong to. Primates also include animals like lemurs, bush babies and slow lorises – the latter two are often nocturnal and mostly tree-dwelling, fruit-eating and wide-eyed creatures.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAll primates evolved for life in treetop communities, developing features like long arms for swinging from branches, good vision for spotting food among foliage, and large brains to help form social bonds. However, some primates like gorillas, baboons and humans are now adapted for life back on firm ground.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eOf all the living primates, only the human walks upright on two feet for any length of time, but some lemurs and monkeys can skip on two feet for short distances when they need to quickly run along the ground between trees.\u003c/p\u003e"])

self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cp\u003eHumans are one of the great apes, closely related to chimpanzees and bonobos. We share a common ancestor with our chimpanzee cousins that evolved around 6.5-7.5 million years ago. In evolutionary terms, this is not a very long time, so we have much in common with chimpanzees genetically. While it was once thought that humans and chimps share 99% of their DNA, \u0026nbsp;recent studies suggest this number may be slightly lower.\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003e9\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003eApes and monkeys are very closely related and both belong to the primate order. The first primate evolved around 60 million years ago, during a time of significant climatic and ecological change after the extinction of the dinosaurs. These first primates were small mammals with four short legs, a tail and a rodent-like head. Over time, they evolved to be better suited to life in the trees – with opposable thumbs, stereoscopic eyes and long tails.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003eWe have many things in common with our monkey cousins – furless faces that make communicating with facial expressions easier, grasping hands ideal for holding onto branches or tools, and teeth and digestive systems that are suited to a diet that includes both meat and plants.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003eHumans and monkeys usually have only one or two offspring at a time and invest a great deal in raising their infants. Almost all primates today live in close social groups, but ancient primates were likely solitary or lived in loosely associated groups. As primate brains grew, they evolved social skills that had big benefits for childcare. With extended family nearby to help find food, nurse, groom and defend against rivals, primates had a much higher rate of success.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cimg alt=\"Chimpanzee and her young\" data-caption=\"Humans and monkeys usually have only one or two offspring at a time and invest a great deal in raising their infants. © Patrick Rolands | Shutterstock\" data-entity-type=\"file\" data-entity-uuid=\"2a9b5e3d-f070-43d8-a7ae-66795c814492\" src=\"/sites/default/files/inline-images/Chimpanzee_and_baby-Factfile_BBC-Earth-Factfiles-.jpg\" /\u003e"])

self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cp\u003eHumans are one of the great apes, closely related to chimpanzees and bonobos. We share a common ancestor with our chimpanzee cousins that evolved around 6.5-7.5 million years ago. In evolutionary terms, this is not a very long time, so we have much in common with chimpanzees genetically. While it was once thought that humans and chimps share 99% of their DNA, \u0026nbsp;recent studies suggest this number may be slightly lower.\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003e9\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eApes and monkeys are very closely related and both belong to the primate order. The first primate evolved around 60 million years ago, during a time of significant climatic and ecological change after the extinction of the dinosaurs. These first primates were small mammals with four short legs, a tail and a rodent-like head. Over time, they evolved to be better suited to life in the trees – with opposable thumbs, stereoscopic eyes and long tails.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eWe have many things in common with our monkey cousins – furless faces that make communicating with facial expressions easier, grasping hands ideal for holding onto branches or tools, and teeth and digestive systems that are suited to a diet that includes both meat and plants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eHumans and monkeys usually have only one or two offspring at a time and invest a great deal in raising their infants. Almost all primates today live in close social groups, but ancient primates were likely solitary or lived in loosely associated groups. As primate brains grew, they evolved social skills that had big benefits for childcare. With extended family nearby to help find food, nurse, groom and defend against rivals, primates had a much higher rate of success.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cfigure role=\"group\" class=\"caption caption-img\"\u003e\n\u003cimg alt=\"Chimpanzee and her young\" data-entity-type=\"file\" data-entity-uuid=\"2a9b5e3d-f070-43d8-a7ae-66795c814492\" src=\"/sites/default/files/inline-images/Chimpanzee_and_baby-Factfile_BBC-Earth-Factfiles-.jpg\" width=\"1648\" height=\"920\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003e\n\u003cfigcaption\u003eHumans and monkeys usually have only one or two offspring at a time and invest a great deal in raising their infants. © Patrick Rolands | Shutterstock\u003c/figcaption\u003e\n\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])

self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cp\u003eWhile great apes have been the subject of extensive language research, less scientific attention has been paid to monkeys.\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003e10\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e But monkeys are also intelligent and complex animals that are highly capable \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbcearth.com/news/the-orangutan-who-speaks-like-a-human\"\u003ecommunicators\u003c/a\u003e. Monkeys need language to maintain their social structures. From alarm calls to soothing and grooming, using language helps monkeys to bond and keep each other safe.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003eMonkeys, like marmosets, take turns to speak, indicating they change their meaning based on the responses of their conversation partner.\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003e11\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003eThey're also able to understand when a conversation is being held and secretly out of earshot of other monkeys.\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003e12\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003eApes, with their larger brains and complex social dynamics, might be better placed to learn a new language. They have high-profile examples of captive apes learning human-like language.\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003eSome chimpanzees appear to learn sign language to communicate with their keepers. One famous example is a chimp called Nim Chimpsky (a pun on the name of the famous linguist Noam Chomsky). Nim learned several pieces of vocabulary from the American Sign Language lexicon, including nouns like “apple” and “banana”, verbs like “give”, “tickle” and “hug” and his own name.\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003e14\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, it is disputed whether Nim really understood the meaning of these signs, as he might have been randomly copying the hand signals of trainers until he received a reward. Nim’s messages lacked structure. For example, he signed messages like “Eat me Nim drink”. The longest series of connected signs he made was \"Give orange me give eat orange me eat orange give me eat orange give me you.\" So, Nim was some way off forming a complete sentence.\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003e15\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cimg alt=\"Macaque eating an orange\" data-caption=\"From alarm calls to soothing and grooming, using language helps monkeys to bond and keep each other safe.\u0026amp;nbsp;© Mick Carr | Shutterstock\" data-entity-type=\"file\" data-entity-uuid=\"1ac3e7e5-4158-4b0b-86f9-b94f75778d5d\" src=\"/sites/default/files/inline-images/Macaque%20eating%20orange_BBC-Earth-Factfiles-.jpg\" /\u003e"])

self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cp\u003eWhile great apes have been the subject of extensive language research, less scientific attention has been paid to monkeys.\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003e10\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e But monkeys are also intelligent and complex animals that are highly capable \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbcearth.com/news/the-orangutan-who-speaks-like-a-human\"\u003ecommunicators\u003c/a\u003e. Monkeys need language to maintain their social structures. From alarm calls to soothing and grooming, using language helps monkeys to bond and keep each other safe.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eMonkeys, like marmosets, take turns to speak, indicating they change their meaning based on the responses of their conversation partner.\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003e11\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003eThey're also able to understand when a conversation is being held and secretly out of earshot of other monkeys.\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003e12\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eApes, with their larger brains and complex social dynamics, might be better placed to learn a new language. They have high-profile examples of captive apes learning human-like language.\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSome chimpanzees appear to learn sign language to communicate with their keepers. One famous example is a chimp called Nim Chimpsky (a pun on the name of the famous linguist Noam Chomsky). Nim learned several pieces of vocabulary from the American Sign Language lexicon, including nouns like “apple” and “banana”, verbs like “give”, “tickle” and “hug” and his own name.\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003e14\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, it is disputed whether Nim really understood the meaning of these signs, as he might have been randomly copying the hand signals of trainers until he received a reward. Nim’s messages lacked structure. For example, he signed messages like “Eat me Nim drink”. The longest series of connected signs he made was \"Give orange me give eat orange me eat orange give me eat orange give me you.\" So, Nim was some way off forming a complete sentence.\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003e15\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cfigure role=\"group\" class=\"caption caption-img\"\u003e\n\u003cimg alt=\"Macaque eating an orange\" data-entity-type=\"file\" data-entity-uuid=\"1ac3e7e5-4158-4b0b-86f9-b94f75778d5d\" src=\"/sites/default/files/inline-images/Macaque%20eating%20orange_BBC-Earth-Factfiles-.jpg\" width=\"1648\" height=\"920\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003e\n\u003cfigcaption\u003eFrom alarm calls to soothing and grooming, using language helps monkeys to bond and keep each other safe.\u0026nbsp;© Mick Carr | Shutterstock\u003c/figcaption\u003e\n\u003c/figure\u003e\n"])

self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cp\u003eFeatured image\u0026nbsp;© Utkarsh Singh | Unsplash\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003eFun fact image\u0026nbsp;© |\u0026nbsp;Edwin Butter\u0026nbsp;| Shutterstock\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e1. Welker, C. “[the Social Structure of Primates].” \u003cem\u003eAnthropologischer Anzeiger; Bericht Uber Die Biologisch-Anthropologische Literatur\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 43, no. 2, 1 June 1985, pp. 97–164, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3927823/#:~:text=The%20social%20units%20of%20most. Accessed 9 June 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e2. “Mammals of Africa.” \u003cem\u003eGoogle Books\u003c/em\u003e, 2015, books.google.co.uk/books?id=B_07noCPc4kC\u0026amp;pg=RA1-PA45\u0026amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage\u0026amp;q\u0026amp;f=false. Accessed 19 Sept. 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e3. “BBC One - Planet Earth III, Series 1, Human, Sir David Attenborough and the Stealing Macaques.” \u003cem\u003eBBC\u003c/em\u003e, 29 Nov. 2023, www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0gwn003. Accessed 19 Sept. 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e4. Converse, Lisa J., et al. “Communication of Ovulatory State to Mates by Female Pygmy Marmosets, Cebuella Pygmaea.” \u003cem\u003eAnimal Behaviour\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 49, no. 3, Mar. 1995, pp. 615–621, https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(95)80194-4. Accessed 3 Feb. 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e5. “The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals.” \u003cem\u003eGoogle Books\u003c/em\u003e, 2015, books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en\u0026amp;lr=\u0026amp;id=p1hMCAAAQBAJ\u0026amp;oi=fnd\u0026amp;pg=PA1\u0026amp;dq=Kingdon. Accessed 19 Sept. 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e6. “Mammals of Africa.” \u003cem\u003eGoogle Books\u003c/em\u003e, 2015, books.google.co.uk/books?id=B_07noCPc4kC\u0026amp;pg=RA1-PA45\u0026amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage\u0026amp;q\u0026amp;f=false.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e7. Finch, Caleb E., and Steven N. Austad. “Primate Aging in the Mammalian Scheme: The Puzzle of Extreme Variation in Brain Aging.” \u003cem\u003eAGE\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 34, no. 5, 5 Jan. 2012, pp. 1075–1091, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3448989/, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-011-9355-9.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e8.\u0026nbsp; “The Derived Features of Human Life History.” \u003cem\u003eCore.ac.uk\u003c/em\u003e, core.ac.uk/reader/276278010.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e9. Suntsova, Maria V., and Anton A. Buzdin. “Differences between Human and Chimpanzee Genomes and Their Implications in Gene Expression, Protein Functions and Biochemical Properties of the Two Species.” \u003cem\u003eBMC Genomics\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 21, no. S7, Sept. 2020, bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12864-020-06962-8, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-020-06962-8.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e10. Meunier, Hélène. “Do Monkeys Have a Theory of Mind? How to Answer the Question?” \u003cem\u003eNeuroscience \u0026amp; Biobehavioral Reviews\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 82, Nov. 2017, pp. 110–123, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.11.007.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e11. Takahashi, Daniel\u0026nbsp;Y., et al. “Coupled Oscillator Dynamics of Vocal Turn-Taking in Monkeys.” \u003cem\u003eCurrent Biology\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 23, no. 21, Nov. 2013, pp. 2162–2168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.09.005.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e12. Brügger, Rahel K, et al. “Do Marmosets Understand Others’ Conversations? A Thermography Approach.” \u003cem\u003eScience Advances\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 7, no. 6, 5 Feb. 2021, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc8790.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e13. Arbib, Michael A. “From Monkey-like Action Recognition to Human Language: An Evolutionary Framework for Neurolinguistics.” \u003cem\u003eBehavioral and Brain Sciences\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 28, no. 2, Apr. 2005, pp. 105–124, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x05000038.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e14. Snowdon, Charles T. “Learning from Monkey “Talk.”” \u003cem\u003eScience\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 355, no. 6330, 17 Mar. 2017, pp. 1120–1122, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aam7443.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e15. Terrace, H. S. \u003cem\u003eHow Nim Chimpsky Changed My Mind\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003eGoogle Books\u003c/em\u003e, Ziff-Davis Publishing Company, 1979, books.google.co.uk/books/about/How_Nim_Chimpsky_Changed_My_Mind.html?id=E2v7SAAACAAJ\u0026amp;redir_esc=y. Accessed 4 Nov. 2022.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n"])

self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cp\u003eFeatured image\u0026nbsp;© Utkarsh Singh | Unsplash\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFun fact image\u0026nbsp;© |\u0026nbsp;Edwin Butter\u0026nbsp;| Shutterstock\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e1. Welker, C. “[the Social Structure of Primates].” \u003cem\u003eAnthropologischer Anzeiger; Bericht Uber Die Biologisch-Anthropologische Literatur\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 43, no. 2, 1 June 1985, pp. 97–164, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3927823/#:~:text=The%20social%20units%20of%20most. Accessed 9 June 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e2. “Mammals of Africa.” \u003cem\u003eGoogle Books\u003c/em\u003e, 2015, books.google.co.uk/books?id=B_07noCPc4kC\u0026amp;pg=RA1-PA45\u0026amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage\u0026amp;q\u0026amp;f=false. Accessed 19 Sept. 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e3. “BBC One - Planet Earth III, Series 1, Human, Sir David Attenborough and the Stealing Macaques.” \u003cem\u003eBBC\u003c/em\u003e, 29 Nov. 2023, \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0gwn003\"\u003ewww.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0gwn003\u003c/a\u003e. Accessed 19 Sept. 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e4. Converse, Lisa J., et al. “Communication of Ovulatory State to Mates by Female Pygmy Marmosets, Cebuella Pygmaea.” \u003cem\u003eAnimal Behaviour\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 49, no. 3, Mar. 1995, pp. 615–621, \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(95)80194-4\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(95)80194-4\u003c/a\u003e. Accessed 3 Feb. 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e5. “The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals.” \u003cem\u003eGoogle Books\u003c/em\u003e, 2015, books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en\u0026amp;lr=\u0026amp;id=p1hMCAAAQBAJ\u0026amp;oi=fnd\u0026amp;pg=PA1\u0026amp;dq=Kingdon. Accessed 19 Sept. 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e6. “Mammals of Africa.” \u003cem\u003eGoogle Books\u003c/em\u003e, 2015, books.google.co.uk/books?id=B_07noCPc4kC\u0026amp;pg=RA1-PA45\u0026amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage\u0026amp;q\u0026amp;f=false.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e7. Finch, Caleb E., and Steven N. Austad. “Primate Aging in the Mammalian Scheme: The Puzzle of Extreme Variation in Brain Aging.” \u003cem\u003eAGE\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 34, no. 5, 5 Jan. 2012, pp. 1075–1091, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3448989/\"\u003ewww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3448989/\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-011-9355-9\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-011-9355-9\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e8.\u0026nbsp; “The Derived Features of Human Life History.” \u003cem\u003eCore.ac.uk\u003c/em\u003e, core.ac.uk/reader/276278010.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e9. Suntsova, Maria V., and Anton A. Buzdin. “Differences between Human and Chimpanzee Genomes and Their Implications in Gene Expression, Protein Functions and Biochemical Properties of the Two Species.” \u003cem\u003eBMC Genomics\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 21, no. S7, Sept. 2020, bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12864-020-06962-8, \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-020-06962-8\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-020-06962-8\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e10. Meunier, Hélène. “Do Monkeys Have a Theory of Mind? How to Answer the Question?” \u003cem\u003eNeuroscience \u0026amp; Biobehavioral Reviews\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 82, Nov. 2017, pp. 110–123, \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.11.007\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.11.007\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e11. Takahashi, Daniel\u0026nbsp;Y., et al. “Coupled Oscillator Dynamics of Vocal Turn-Taking in Monkeys.” \u003cem\u003eCurrent Biology\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 23, no. 21, Nov. 2013, pp. 2162–2168, \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.09.005\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.09.005\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e12. Brügger, Rahel K, et al. “Do Marmosets Understand Others’ Conversations? A Thermography Approach.” \u003cem\u003eScience Advances\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 7, no. 6, 5 Feb. 2021, \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc8790\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc8790\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e13. Arbib, Michael A. “From Monkey-like Action Recognition to Human Language: An Evolutionary Framework for Neurolinguistics.” \u003cem\u003eBehavioral and Brain Sciences\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 28, no. 2, Apr. 2005, pp. 105–124, \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x05000038\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x05000038\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e14. Snowdon, Charles T. “Learning from Monkey “Talk.”” \u003cem\u003eScience\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 355, no. 6330, 17 Mar. 2017, pp. 1120–1122, \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aam7443\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1126/science.aam7443\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e15. Terrace, H. S. \u003cem\u003eHow Nim Chimpsky Changed My Mind\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003eGoogle Books\u003c/em\u003e, Ziff-Davis Publishing Company, 1979, books.google.co.uk/books/about/How_Nim_Chimpsky_Changed_My_Mind.html?id=E2v7SAAACAAJ\u0026amp;redir_esc=y. Accessed 4 Nov. 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"])

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Requests	IP Address	Location	AS Autonomous System
45	23.36.162.220	Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany	AS20940Akamai International B.V.
45	104.18.65.57Cloudflare · WAF	United States	AS13335Cloudflare, Inc.
90	2	-	-

Security Scan Report: www.bbcearth.com

Summary

AI Security Verdict

Safe Website

Safety Factors

Details

Screenshot

Page Load Overview

Language Analysis

Primary Language

Detection Details

Website Classification

Primary Category

All Detected Categories

Detected Features

Domain & IP Information

Detected Technologies3

Content Similarity HashesFor malware variant detection

TLSH (Trend Micro Locality Sensitive Hash)

ssdeep (Context Triggered Piecewise Hashing)

sdhash (Similarity Digest Hashing)

Image Hashes

Perceptual Hashes

Other Hashes

Scan History