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What is the 3I/Atlas Comet? | Spectroscopy Online

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This brief article highlights the key takeaways from studying the 3I/ATLAS comet and what it means for space exploration moving forward.

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This explainer video discusses the 3I/ATLAS comet and what astronomers have discovered about it thus far.

3I/ATLAS Comet – A Cosmic Story

This video was made with the help of NotebookLM.
Over the past few months, astronomers and scientists have been keeping a watchful eye on the progress of the 3I/ATLAS comet, monitoring its behavior and analyzing its trajectory across our solar system. This brief article highlights the key takeaways from studying this comet and what it means for space exploration moving forward.
What is the 3I/ATLAS comet?
The 3I/ATLAS comet was first sighted back on July 1st of this year (1). Its sighting is significant because an occurrence like this is rare. The 3I/ATLAS comet is only the third-known object from outside our solar system that was discovered passing through our solar system (1). It is called the 3I/ATLAS comet because it was discovered first by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration-funded Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) telescope in Chile, it is an interstellar object (hence the “I”), and it is the third (“3”) object from outside our solar system that entered our celestial space (1).
Why is it attracting so much attention?
Apart from the rarity of an occurrence like this, the 3I/ATLAS comet is garnering significant attention from astronomers because of its unusual traits. Multiple astronomical observatories, including the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), Palomar, and SOAR, conducted extensive spectroscopic and photometric observations, revealing a red, organic-rich surface and unexpected activity, even at great distances from the Sun (2–5). A central theme is the debate between two hypotheses: whether 3I/ATLAS is a naturally formed comet with unique interstellar chemistry, or potentially an engineered probe, an idea fueled by non-gravitational accelerations and tentative periodic radio signals (2–5). Therefore, there were questions about whether it has a natural or artificial origin.
Another aspect to 3I/ATLAS that has fascinated astronomers is what scientists have been able to observe. For example, telescopic observations revealed strong outgassing chemistry and unexpected emissions, challenging conventional cometary explanations (2). Meanwhile, the spectrophotometric data showed a red spectral slope, indicating a redder spectrum than typical solar system comets (3). Researchers also noted that the comet is following a hyperbolic path, indicating that it originates from a thick-disk star system (4).
And lastly, another key observation is its activity levels. Astronomers have noted that the 3I/ATLAS comet exhibits a spin period of 16.16 hours and dust mass-loss rates from 0.3 to 4.2 kg/s, indicating unexpected activity levels (5).
References
NASA, Comet 3I/ATLAS. NASA.gov. Available at: https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/comets/3i-atlas/ (accessed 2025-11-24).
Workman, Jr., J. 3I/ATLAS: An Interstellar Enigma—Natural Comet or Engineered Probe? Spectroscopy. Available at: https://www.spectroscopyonline.com/view/3i-atlas-an-interstellar-enigma-natural-comet-or-engineered-probe- (accessed 2025-11-24).
Workman, Jr., J. Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS Shows Its Spectral Secrets Through Palomar and Apache Point Observations. Spectroscopy. Available at: https://www.spectroscopyonline.com/view/interstellar-comet-3i-atlas-shows-its-spectral-secrets-through-palomar-and-apache-point-observations (accessed 2025-11-24).
Workman, Jr., J. The Red Visitor from Beyond: Unlocking the Secrets of Interstellar Object 3I/ATLAS. Spectroscopy. Available at: https://www.spectroscopyonline.com/view/the-red-visitor-from-beyond-unlocking-the-secrets-of-interstellar-object-3i-atlas (accessed 2025-11-24).
Workman, Jr., J. Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS Shows Mysterious Spectroscopic Activity. Spectroscopy. Available at: https://www.spectroscopyonline.com/view/interstellar-comet-3i-atlas-shows-mysterious-spectroscopic-activity (accessed 2025-11-24).

What is the 3I/Atlas Comet?

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Spectroscopy connects analytical chemists with insights in molecular and atomic spectroscopy techniques, such as Raman, infrared (IR), ICP-MS, LIBS &amp; XRF.

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Timothy Edson

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Spectroscopy Online


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      className: u.join(" "),
      closable: e === "modal",
      onClose: () => (s[e] = null, o[e] = null, n(e, { close: !0 }), !0)
    }), (x = s[e]) == null || x.show(() => {
      var $;
      if (setTimeout(() => {
        var C;
        (C = window.videojs) == null || C.getAllPlayers().forEach((M) => {
          var O;
          (O = M.autoplay) == null || O.call(M, !1), M.pause();
        });
      }, 1e3), i) return;
      ($ = s[e]) == null || $.element().classList.remove(c);
      const b = v(e);
      if (!b) return;
      b.onload = () => {
        var C, M;
        a[e].frameLoaded = !0, r(`${e} iFrame loaded`), l(e, { init: !0 }), (M = (C = window.one) == null ? void 0 : C.gate) == null || M.unlock();
      };
      const F = document.querySelector(
        `.${y}`
      );
      F && (F.onclick = () => {
        n(e, { close: !0 });
      });
    });
  }
  function _() {
    r("Resetting frame state"), a.banner = { hasFrame: !1, frameLoaded: !1 }, a.modal = { hasFrame: !1, frameLoaded: !1 };
  }
  function N(t, e) {
    const i = v(t);
    if (i) {
      if (r("Setting frame style:", e), e.color && typeof e.color == "string") {
        const u = document.querySelector(
          `.${y}`
        );
        u && (u.style.background = e.color, u.style.filter = "brightness(0.9)");
      }
      typeof e.height == "number" && !isNaN(e.height) && (i.style.height = `${e.height}px`), typeof e.width == "number" && !isNaN(e.width) && (i.style.width = `${e.width}px`);
    }
  }
})();

/* v0.2.0 */
(function() {
  if (typeof window > "u") return;
  const $ = "oneHost";
  let d = null, r = null, w = !1, g = !1;
  window.addEventListener("pageshow", () => {
    const o = window.history.state;
    i("Pageshow event", o), o != null && o.reload && (window.history.replaceState({ reload: !1 }, "", window.location.href), window.location.reload());
  }), window.one = {
    ...window.one,
    gate: {
      unlock: () => {
        var o, e;
        g && (i("Gate unlocked, closing modal"), (e = (o = window.one) == null ? void 0 : o.modal) == null || e.close());
      },
      launch: ({ debug: o, onEntry: e, ...c }) => {
        var v, L;
        if (!("encryptedTargetUrl" in c) || !("gateCode" in c)) return;
        let n = c.gateCode;
        if (n === d) return;
        if (w = w || !!o, window.removeEventListener("message", f), g = !1, window.location.pathname.replace(/\//g, "") === "gate-test" && (n = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get("gateCode") ?? n, w = !0), i(`Launching gate '${n}'`), !((v = window.one) != null && v.modal))
          return console.warn("Modal library unavailable, bypassing gate"), e == null ? void 0 : e();
        const l = window.location.hostname.replace("www.", ""), a = l.includes("vercel.app"), m = "https://one.";
        let p = l;
        if (a) {
          const t = "/tagmanager/scripts/one.js", s = document.querySelectorAll("script"), u = (L = Array.from(s).find(
            (S) => S.src.includes(t)
          )) == null ? void 0 : L.src;
          if (!u)
            return console.warn("Unable to locate one.js script, bypassing gate"), e == null ? void 0 : e();
          p = u.split(t)[0].replace(m, "");
        }
        const b = `${p}/launch/${n}/?req=${c.encryptedTargetUrl}`, h = p.startsWith("dev-one") || p.startsWith("test-one") ? `https://${b}` : `${m}${b}`;
        fetch(`${h}&action=info`, { credentials: "include" }).then((t) => t.json()).then((t) => {
          var s;
          if (i({ gate: t }), t.IsCompleted)
            return i("User already completed, bypassing gate"), e == null ? void 0 : e();
          if (t.DisplayType !== "Modal") {
            window.location.href = h;
            return;
          }
          if (!((s = window.one) != null && s.modal))
            return i("Modal library unavailable, bypassing gate"), e == null ? void 0 : e();
          d = n, r = e ?? null, window.addEventListener("message", f), window.one.modal.open({
            content: h,
            debug: w
          });
        }).catch((t) => {
          var s, u;
          console.warn("Unable to launch, bypassing gate"), console.error(t), d = null, r = null, window.removeEventListener("message", f), e == null || e(), (u = (s = window.one) == null ? void 0 : s.modal) == null || u.close();
        });
      }
    }
  };
  function f(o) {
    if (!d || typeof o.data != "string") return;
    const [e, c, n] = o.data.split("__");
    if (e !== $ || c !== "modal") return;
    const l = JSON.parse(n);
    if (l.color) {
      const a = document.querySelector("#oneModal--frame");
      a && (a.style.border = `8px solid ${l.color}`);
    }
    if (l.complete) {
      i("Gate complete, calling 'onEntry'"), g = !0, r == null || r();
      const a = document.querySelector("div.basicLightbox");
      setTimeout(() => {
        a && (a.style.display = "none");
      }, 400), a == null || a.classList.remove("basicLightbox--visible");
    }
    if (l.close) {
      if (i("Closing gate, removing message listener"), d = null, r = null, window.removeEventListener("message", f), g) return;
      i("Gate locked, returning to ungated content"), window.history.replaceState({ reload: !0 }, "", window.location.href), window.history.length > 2 ? window.history.back() : window.location.href = window.location.origin;
    }
  }
  function i(...o) {
    w && console.log(...o);
  }
})();

(()=>{var e=async t=>{await(await t())()};(self.Astro||(self.Astro={})).load=e;window.dispatchEvent(new Event("astro:load"));})();

(()=>{var A=Object.defineProperty;var g=(i,o,a)=>o in i?A(i,o,{enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:a}):i[o]=a;var d=(i,o,a)=>g(i,typeof o!="symbol"?o+"":o,a);{let i={0:t=>m(t),1:t=>a(t),2:t=>new RegExp(t),3:t=>new Date(t),4:t=>new Map(a(t)),5:t=>new Set(a(t)),6:t=>BigInt(t),7:t=>new URL(t),8:t=>new Uint8Array(t),9:t=>new Uint16Array(t),10:t=>new Uint32Array(t),11:t=>1/0*t},o=t=>{let[l,e]=t;return l in i?i[l](e):void 0},a=t=>t.map(o),m=t=>typeof t!="object"||t===null?t:Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(t).map(([l,e])=>[l,o(e)]));class y extends HTMLElement{constructor(){super(...arguments);d(this,"Component");d(this,"hydrator");d(this,"hydrate",async()=>{var b;if(!this.hydrator||!this.isConnected)return;let e=(b=this.parentElement)==null?void 0:b.closest("astro-island[ssr]");if(e){e.addEventListener("astro:hydrate",this.hydrate,{once:!0});return}let c=this.querySelectorAll("astro-slot"),n={},h=this.querySelectorAll("template[data-astro-template]");for(let r of h){let s=r.closest(this.tagName);s!=null&&s.isSameNode(this)&&(n[r.getAttribute("data-astro-template")||"default"]=r.innerHTML,r.remove())}for(let r of c){let s=r.closest(this.tagName);s!=null&&s.isSameNode(this)&&(n[r.getAttribute("name")||"default"]=r.innerHTML)}let p;try{p=this.hasAttribute("props")?m(JSON.parse(this.getAttribute("props"))):{}}catch(r){let s=this.getAttribute("component-url")||"<unknown>",v=this.getAttribute("component-export");throw v&&(s+=` (export ${v})`),console.error(`[hydrate] Error parsing props for component ${s}`,this.getAttribute("props"),r),r}let u;await this.hydrator(this)(this.Component,p,n,{client:this.getAttribute("client")}),this.removeAttribute("ssr"),this.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("astro:hydrate"))});d(this,"unmount",()=>{this.isConnected||this.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("astro:unmount"))})}disconnectedCallback(){document.removeEventListener("astro:after-swap",this.unmount),document.addEventListener("astro:after-swap",this.unmount,{once:!0})}connectedCallback(){if(!this.hasAttribute("await-children")||document.readyState==="interactive"||document.readyState==="complete")this.childrenConnectedCallback();else{let e=()=>{document.removeEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e),c.disconnect(),this.childrenConnectedCallback()},c=new MutationObserver(()=>{var n;((n=this.lastChild)==null?void 0:n.nodeType)===Node.COMMENT_NODE&&this.lastChild.nodeValue==="astro:end"&&(this.lastChild.remove(),e())});c.observe(this,{childList:!0}),document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e)}}async childrenConnectedCallback(){let e=this.getAttribute("before-hydration-url");e&&await import(e),this.start()}async start(){let e=JSON.parse(this.getAttribute("opts")),c=this.getAttribute("client");if(Astro[c]===void 0){window.addEventListener(`astro:${c}`,()=>this.start(),{once:!0});return}try{await Astro[c](async()=>{let n=this.getAttribute("renderer-url"),[h,{default:p}]=await Promise.all([import(this.getAttribute("component-url")),n?import(n):()=>()=>{}]),u=this.getAttribute("component-export")||"default";if(!u.includes("."))this.Component=h[u];else{this.Component=h;for(let f of u.split("."))this.Component=this.Component[f]}return this.hydrator=p,this.hydrate},e,this)}catch(n){console.error(`[astro-island] Error hydrating ${this.getAttribute("component-url")}`,n)}}attributeChangedCallback(){this.hydrate()}}d(y,"observedAttributes",["props"]),customElements.get("astro-island")||customElements.define("astro-island",y)}})();

(()=>{var e=async t=>{await(await t())()};(self.Astro||(self.Astro={})).only=e;window.dispatchEvent(new Event("astro:only"));})();

Vercel

HSTS

Segment

First-Party Tracking

Google

✅ Low Risk - https://www.spectroscopyonline.com/view/what-is-the-3i-atlas-comet

Requests	IP Address	Location	AS Autonomous System
87	66.33.60.129	United States	AS16509AMAZON-02
50	142.250.186.130	United States	AS15169GOOGLE
28	146.75.122.27	Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany	AS54113FASTLY
15	130.211.44.5	United States	AS396982GOOGLE-CLOUD-PLATFORM
15	104.18.87.42	United States	AS13335CLOUDFLARENET
12	35.244.232.184	Kansas City, Missouri, United States	AS396982GOOGLE-CLOUD-PLATFORM
11	52.26.210.209	Boardman, Oregon, United States	AS16509AMAZON-02
10	142.250.185.132	United States	AS15169GOOGLE
8	216.239.32.36	United States	AS15169GOOGLE
7	104.17.159.113	United States	AS13335CLOUDFLARENET
301	78	-	-

Security Scan Report: www.spectroscopyonline.com

Summary

AI Security Verdict

Safe Website

Safety Factors

Details

Screenshot

Page Load Overview

Language Analysis

Primary Language

Detection Details

Website Classification

Primary Category

All Detected Categories

Detected Features

Domain & IP Information

Detected Technologies2

Content Similarity HashesFor malware variant detection

Image Hashes

Perceptual Hashes

Other Hashes

Scan History