English

consent

cookieconsent_status

_ga_S2LKMZBHJL

_ga_T2TE0Y7XE9

_gat_gtag_UA_39520934_1

_gid

6cdc09859e40df27a47889802db8c6cf

gdpr_consent

ressouce-equation-display

euconsent

SERVERUSED

You're looking at domain 'www.aanda.org' on the non-profit oriented generic top-level domain (.org) and includes subdomain 'www'. The registrable portion 'aanda' spans 5 characters holding 3 vowels versus 2 consonants. Breaking it apart gives 3 words: a, and, a. Average segment length settles at one character. Most frequently, 'a' shows up in Hungarian. You may catch it in Portuguese and Galician as well.

html/fe/62/fe62140f-025d-4b91-a969-c5f82d89a803.html.gz

require-trusted-types-for 'script'; report-uri https://csp.withgoogle.com/csp/hosted-libraries-pushers

require-trusted-types-for 'script'; report-uri https://csp.withgoogle.com/csp/apps-themes

script-src 'none'; form-action 'none'; frame-src 'none'; report-uri https://csp.withgoogle.com/csp/scaffolding/ascnsrsggc:103:0

script-src 'none'; form-action 'none'; frame-src 'none'; report-uri https://csp.withgoogle.com/csp/scaffolding/ascnsrsgac:225:0

upgrade-insecure-requests; frame-ancestors 'self';

f1a61277e3f902f50ab42015d8b07218db9b7601bb0967e54a52bfdcb4fa7e81

160a426ff2894252cd7cebbdd6d6b7da8fcd319c65b70468f10b6690c45d02ef

78613a6e5bab939b078feae691fb0661e2b2671dcce1b1be66517203b2a7b3b1

b8576ca0b62e99d25190b4c3f5932d40d82bd5ea0a8a08d75a9908b7a3dfb21b

e173b01d5c11a2e8380197ea5010382113683f46a35d3b17014e89247db9ee5f

ede9f88fc42c7c736026301e85c20cbdbc8434c8abaa92df2da81c51002fe703

e27f56d3ece4dc0a430519401af919f4afe0c7b726520e8635bee208d9c4f6b2

14d5b2937a3d6518f29eb9e67368e0a5fb3d6859669fed585766d5ebdea50e98

572cdc4e066ef6aa6e9112d0ffaa0ba31aa53a449f2a6deb288859c3d92260dc

d6017b89784786e24f10cab965dd09abe11e7f7ce0defeb05f2eb085e69d3be8

a1b261c232b837fd91725594e7fb6ce3efb44461dfa07c4ccf5ef63eb8b42f36

49b78d7087c94506e2ef3ad3b504f3da594915e2e0cb235cefead58c87be2145

f1e2fca9e00b310a57fa7e548d637faa2d5f8cb96d312fd96b122dd3b957729a

773e8b392359a23b941e8e57b9a0f73b7472b7a37958bf70da5a344e5123fd87

03be71f72f31cb50223da1312d3a15fc015e21fc319dd398dbd46d0e24859a82

dac671f01ad32071facd11c6b419b76d0665c53dfa14956ce2620423315d1aec

cf83bcd46cee87e25a8629a50b1386b1641ae4a476a8fce1ae541da2e34419ab

f57f0fec306c10015d5921ca6fd92d38f9f0ce529ec6d12d0296ddcd7fbc9c99

width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, shrink-to-fit=no

viewport

Astronomy & Astrophysics, A&A, ESO, EDP Sciences

keywords

robots

Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A) is an international journal which publishes papers on all aspects of astronomy and astrophysics

description

citation_journal_title

citation_journal_abbrev

citation_publisher

citation_author

Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante, Carr. San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain

citation_author_institution

Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Martí Franquès, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

citation_author_orcid

Astronomical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 059 60 Tatranská Lomnica, Slovak Republic

Astronomical Observatory Institute, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Adam Mickiewicz University, Słoneczna 36, 60-286 Poznań, Poland

South African Astronomical Observatory, 1 Observatory Rd, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa

Department of Physics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa

Department of Physics, PO Box 64 FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Temporal evolution of the third interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS: Spin, color, spectra, and dust activity

citation_title

citation_online_date

citation_publication_date

citation_volume

citation_firstpage

citation_doi

citation_bibcode

https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2025/10/aa56717-25/aa56717-25.html

citation_abstract_html_url

https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2025/10/aa56717-25/aa56717-25.html

citation_fulltext_html_url

https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2025/10/aa56717-25.pdf

citation_pdf_url

citation_issn

citation_language

citation_keyword

citation_article_type

Aims. We aim to characterize the physical and activity properties of the interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS through spectroscopic and photometric observations during the first month after its discovery.Methods. We performed time series photometry and long-slit spectroscopy between 2 and 29 July 2025 using multiple ground-based telescopes. Photometric data were calibrated against field stars from the ATLAS and APASS catalogs, and Fourier analysis was applied to derive the comet’s rotational period. Spectral data were obtained using the Southern African Large Telescope and the Nordic Optical Telescope.Results. We report a spin period of 16.16  ±  0.01 h with a light curve amplitude of approximately 0.3 mag. The comet exhibits increasing dust activity and reddening colors during the observation period with no visible tail detected, likely due to viewing geometry and low dust production. Dust mass-loss rates are estimated between 0.3 and 4.2 kg s−1, consistent with weakly active distant comets. Spectral colors are similar to those of outer Solar System comets and differ from previously reported values for 3I/ATLAS.Conclusions. The morphological and photometric properties of 3I/ATLAS are consistent with a weakly active comet of outer Solar System origin despite its interstellar provenance. Continued monitoring around perihelion is necessary to track changes in activity and color, which will provide insights into the evolution of interstellar materials under solar radiation.

citation_abstract

citation_author=M. F. A’Hearn;citation_author=D. G. Schleicher;citation_author=R. L. Millis;citation_author=P. D. Feldman;citation_author=D. T. Thompson;citation_publication_date=1984;citation_journal_title=AJ;citation_volume=89;citation_firstpage=579;

citation_reference

citation_author=M. Belyakov;citation_author=B. T. Bolin;citation_author=C. Fremling;citation_author=M. Graham;citation_publication_date=2025;citation_journal_title=ATel;citation_volume=17276;citation_firstpage=1;

Binzel, R. P., & Sauter, L. M. 1989, Asteroids II (Univ. of Arizona Press), 416

citation_author=B. T. Bolin;citation_author=M. Belyakov;citation_author=C. Fremling;citation_publication_date=2025;citation_journal_title=MNRAS;citation_volume=542;citation_firstpage=L139;

Bowell, E., Hapke, B., Domingue, D., et al. 1989, in Asteroids II, eds. R. P. Binzel, T. Gehrels, & M. S. Matthews (University of Arizona Press), 524

Burgh, E. B., Nordsieck, K. H., Kobulnicky, H. A., et al. 2003, in Instrument Design and Performance for Optical/Infrared Ground-based Telescopes, eds. M. Iye, & A. F. M. Moorwood, SPIE Conf. Ser., 4841, 1463

Chandler, C. O., Bernardinelli, P. H., Jurić, M., et al. 2025, arXiv e-prints [arXiv:2507.13409]

citation_author=J. Colomé;citation_author=I. Ribas;citation_author=X. Francisco;citation_publication_date=2010;citation_journal_title=Adv. Astron.;citation_volume=2010;citation_firstpage=183016;

citation_author=R. de la Fuente Marcos;citation_author=M. R. Alarcon;citation_author=J. Licandro;citation_publication_date=2025;citation_journal_title=A&A;citation_volume=700;citation_firstpage=L9;

citation_author=F. E. DeMeo;citation_author=R. P. Binzel;citation_author=S. M. Slivan;citation_author=S. J. Bus;citation_publication_date=2009;citation_journal_title=Icarus;citation_volume=202;citation_firstpage=160;

citation_author=E. M. Epifani;citation_author=E. Dotto;citation_author=D. Perna;citation_publication_date=2021;citation_journal_title=Planet. Space Sci.;citation_volume=208;citation_firstpage=105341;

citation_author=N. Erasmus;citation_author=I. Steele;citation_author=A. S. Piascik;citation_publication_date=2024;citation_journal_title=JATIS;citation_volume=10;citation_firstpage=025005;

Erasmus, N., Potter, S. B., van Gend, C. H. D. R., et al. 2024b, in Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy X, eds. J. J. Bryant, K. Motohara, & J. R. D. Vernet, SPIE Conf. Ser., 13096, 130968K

Erasmus, N., Potter, S. B., van Gend, C. H. D., et al. 2025, Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Serie de Conferencias (RMxAC) (Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), 59, 201

citation_author=A. D. Feinstein;citation_author=J. W. Noonan;citation_author=D. Z. Seligman;citation_publication_date=2025;citation_journal_title=ApJ;citation_volume=991;citation_firstpage=L2;

citation_author=U. Fink;citation_author=M. Rubin;citation_publication_date=2012;citation_journal_title=Icarus;citation_volume=221;citation_firstpage=721;

citation_author=A. Fitzsimmons;citation_author=M. T. Bannister;citation_author=A. Moro-Martín;citation_publication_date=2023;citation_journal_title=ARA&A;citation_volume=61;citation_firstpage=155;

citation_author=A. Fukui;citation_author=N. Narita;citation_author=N. Kusakabe;citation_publication_date=2022;citation_journal_title=PASJ;citation_volume=74;citation_firstpage=1361;

citation_author=A. F. Gillan;citation_author=A. Fitzsimmons;citation_author=L. Denneau;citation_publication_date=2024;citation_journal_title=PSJ;citation_volume=5;citation_firstpage=25;

Giorgini, J. D. 2025, JPL HORIZONS system: Ephemeris for 3I/ATLAS, https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons, accessed 2025 July 4

citation_author=P. Guzik;citation_author=M. Drahus;citation_author=K. Rusek;citation_publication_date=2020;citation_journal_title=Nat. Astron.;citation_volume=4;citation_firstpage=53;

citation_author=A. Henden;citation_author=U. Munari;citation_publication_date=2014;citation_journal_title=Contrib. Astron. Obs. Skalnate Pleso;citation_volume=43;citation_firstpage=518;

Henden, A. A., Templeton, M., Terrell, D., et al. 2016, VizieR On-line Data Catalog: II/336

citation_author=H. H. Hsieh;citation_author=C. O. Chandler;citation_author=L. Denneau;citation_publication_date=2021;citation_journal_title=ApJ;citation_volume=922;citation_firstpage=L9;

citation_author=O. Ivanova;citation_author=L. Neslušan;citation_author=Z. S. Krišandová;citation_publication_date=2015;citation_journal_title=Icarus;citation_volume=258;citation_firstpage=28;

citation_author=O. V. Ivanova;citation_author=I. V. Luk;citation_author=N. N. Kiselev;citation_publication_date=2016;citation_journal_title=Planet. Space Sci.;citation_volume=121;citation_firstpage=10;

citation_author=O. Ivanova;citation_author=I. Luk’yanyk;citation_author=L. Kolokolova;citation_publication_date=2019;citation_journal_title=A&A;citation_volume=626;citation_firstpage=A26;

citation_author=O. Ivanova;citation_author=V. Rosenbush;citation_author=I. Luk’yanyk;citation_publication_date=2021;citation_journal_title=A&A;citation_volume=651;citation_firstpage=A29;

citation_author=O. Ivanova;citation_author=V. Rosenbush;citation_author=I. Luk’yanyk;citation_publication_date=2023;citation_journal_title=A&A;citation_volume=672;citation_firstpage=A76;

citation_author=D. Jewitt;citation_author=J. Luu;citation_publication_date=2019;citation_journal_title=ApJ;citation_volume=886;citation_firstpage=L29;

citation_author=D. Jewitt;citation_author=J. Luu;citation_publication_date=2025;citation_journal_title=ATel;citation_volume=17263;citation_firstpage=1;

citation_author=D. Jewitt;citation_author=K. J. Meech;citation_publication_date=1987;citation_journal_title=ApJ;citation_volume=317;citation_firstpage=992;

citation_author=D. Jewitt;citation_author=M. Mutchler;citation_author=H. Weaver;citation_publication_date=2016;citation_journal_title=ApJ;citation_volume=829;citation_firstpage=L8;

citation_author=D. Jewitt;citation_author=M.-T. Hui;citation_author=M. Mutchler;citation_author=Y. Kim;citation_author=J. Agarwal;citation_publication_date=2025;citation_journal_title=ApJ;citation_volume=990;citation_firstpage=L2;

citation_author=T. Kareta;citation_author=C. Champagne;citation_author=L. McClure;citation_publication_date=2025;citation_journal_title=ApJ;citation_volume=990;citation_firstpage=L65;

Kobulnicky, H. A., Nordsieck, K. H., Burgh, E. B., et al. 2003, in Instrument Design and Performance for Optical/Infrared Ground-based Telescopes, eds. M. Iye, & A. F. M. Moorwood, SPIE Conf. Ser., 4841, 1634

citation_author=A. Kostov;citation_author=T. Bonev;citation_publication_date=2018;citation_journal_title=Bulg. Astron. J.;citation_volume=28;citation_firstpage=3;

citation_author=T. Kwiatkowski;citation_author=A. Kryszczyńska;citation_author=M. Polińska;citation_publication_date=2009;citation_journal_title=A&A;citation_volume=495;citation_firstpage=967;

citation_author=A. U. Landolt;citation_publication_date=1992;citation_journal_title=AJ;citation_volume=104;citation_firstpage=340;

citation_author=S. Larson;citation_author=Z. Sekanina;citation_publication_date=1984;citation_journal_title=AJ;citation_volume=89;citation_firstpage=571;

citation_author=F. Manzini;citation_author=V. Oldani;citation_author=P. Ochner;citation_author=L. R. Bedin;citation_publication_date=2020;citation_journal_title=MNRAS;citation_volume=495;citation_firstpage=L92;

Martinez-Palomera, J., Tuson, A., Hedges, C., et al. 2025, AAS, submitted [arXiv:2508.02499]

Meech, K. J., & Svoren, J. 2004, in Comets II, eds. M. C. Festou, H. U. Keller, & H. A. Weaver (Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press), 317

citation_author=K. J. Meech;citation_author=R. Weryk;citation_author=M. Micheli;citation_publication_date=2017;citation_journal_title=Nature;citation_volume=552;citation_firstpage=378;

HSTS header missing - vulnerable to protocol downgrade attacks

CSP header missing - vulnerable to XSS attacks

child-src https:  chrome-untrusted://new-tab-page/ chrome-untrusted://ntp-microsoft-auth/;connect-src chrome://resources chrome://theme 'self';default-src 'self';font-src chrome://resources 'self';img-src chrome://resources chrome://theme chrome://image chrome://favicon2 chrome://app-icon chrome://extension-icon chrome://fileicon blob: data: 'self';object-src 'none';require-trusted-types-for 'script';script-src chrome://resources chrome://webui-test 'self';style-src chrome://resources chrome://theme 'self' 'unsafe-inline';trusted-types parse-html-subset sanitize-inner-html static-types webui-test-script webui-test-html polymer-html-literal polymer-template-event-attribute-policy lit-html-desktop;frame-ancestors 'none';

child-src 'none';object-src 'none';require-trusted-types-for 'script';script-src chrome://resources 'self';trusted-types;worker-src blob: 'self';frame-ancestors 'none';

child-src 'none';object-src 'none';require-trusted-types-for 'script';script-src chrome://resources 'self';trusted-types;frame-ancestors 'none';

base-uri 'none';child-src https:;form-action https://ogs.google.com https://*.corp.google.com;object-src 'none';script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' https:;frame-ancestors chrome://new-tab-page/

Jeffrey Neace

Network Solutions, LLC

aanda.org

Abuse

Admin

Cloudflare-NOC

Cloudflare, Inc.

CLOUDFLARENET


var ARTICLE_CLICK_VIEW = "Click to view fullscreen";
var ARTICLE_CLICK_HIDE = "Click anywhere to hide the fullscreen overlay";
var ARTICLE_CLICK_MOVIE = "Click to play the movie";
var COM_ARTICLE_DIS


	jQuery(function ($) {
	    var source = function (request, callback) {
	        var term = request.term;
            $.ajax({
                url: '/index.php',
                dataType: 'json',
   


    jQuery(function ($) {
      $(document).ready(function() {
        $('.nav-toggle').click(function() {
          var collapse_content_selector = $(this).attr('href');
          var toggle_switch 

Script

JQuery

Joomla!

Google Analytics

jQuery UI

Google Hosted Libraries

Temporal evolution of the third interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS: Spin, color, spectra, and dust activity | Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)

Google

✅ Low Risk - https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2025/10/aa56717-25/aa56717-25.html

Requests	IP Address	Location	AS Autonomous System
34	104.20.6.134	United States	AS13335CLOUDFLARENET
1	162.19.100.16	France	AS16276OVH SAS
1	142.250.186.170	United States	AS15169GOOGLE
1	216.239.34.36	United States	AS15169GOOGLE
1	3.160.156.104	United States	AS16509AMAZON-02
1	216.239.32.36	United States	AS15169GOOGLE
1	142.250.184.202	United States	AS15169GOOGLE
1	172.66.149.68	United States	AS13335CLOUDFLARENET
1	172.66.151.121	United States	AS13335CLOUDFLARENET
1	172.217.23.104	United States	AS15169GOOGLE
89	56	-	-

Security Scan Report: www.aanda.org

Summary

AI Security Verdict

Safe Website

Safety Factors

Details

Screenshot

Page Load Overview

Language Analysis

Primary Language

Detection Details

Website Classification

Primary Category

All Detected Categories

Detected Features

Domain & IP Information

Detected Technologies5

Content Similarity HashesFor malware variant detection

TLSH (Trend Micro Locality Sensitive Hash)

ssdeep (Context Triggered Piecewise Hashing)

sdhash (Similarity Digest Hashing)

Image Hashes

Perceptual Hashes

Other Hashes

Scan History